Here's another reason why to-be moms should kick the butt — smoking during pregnancy can harm their unborn son's fertility later in his life, say scientists.
A new study, published in philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B journal, has claimed that how a woman looks after herself in pregnancy could have a major effect on her unborn baby's ability to father a child.
According to them, smoking and exposure to pesticides and traffic pollution all do more harm in the first weeks of life than in adult body – in fact, damage inflicted in the womb can be permanent.
This could be because exposure to toxins in the womb cuts the number of certoli cells, highly specialized cells needed to " nurse" young sperm through to maturity during a man's adult life, the Daily Mail reported.
To reach this conclusion, experts, led by Richard Sharpe of Edinburgh University , evaluated studies from around the world on the effects on male fertility factors such as smoking and exposure to chemicals.